Property

Accessio nemini proficit nisi ei qui ipse possedit. Accession profits nobody but the one who possesses (the property) himself. Dig. 41.2.13.12. • In the main dictionary, see senses 4 and 5 of accession.
Accidit aliquando ut qui dominus sit alienare non possit. Sometimes it happens that one who is owner cannot alienate. Just. Inst. 2.8.1.
Adversus extraneos vitiosa possessio prodesse solet. Possession though faulty is usually sufficient against outsiders. • Prior possession is a good title of ownership against all who cannot show a better.
Adversus fiscum usucapio non procedit. Usucaption does not run against the public treasury. Dig. 41.3.18.
Aedificare in tuo proprio solo non licet quod alteri noceat. It is not lawful to build on one’s own land what may be injurious to another.
Aedificatum solo solo cedit. What is built on the land goes with the land.
Aedificia solo cedunt. Buildings go with the land.
Alienatio est rei suae iurisque sui in alium translatio. Alienation is the transference of one’s property and right to another. Cf. Seneca the Younger, de Benef. 5.10. • See alienation (1) in the main dictionary.
Alienatio licet prohibeatur, consensu tamen omnium in quorum favorem prohibita est potest fieri; et quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto. Even if alienation is prohibited, it may yet take place by the consent of all in whose favor it is prohibited; it is in the power of anyone to renounce a right introduced for his own benefit.
Alienatio rei praefertur juri accrescendi. Alienation of property is favored over the right to accumulate.
Aliud est possidere, aliud esse in possessione. It is one thing to possess, another to be in possession.
A piratis et latronibus capta dominium non mutant. Things captured by pirates or robbers do not change their ownership.
Appellatione fundi omne aedificium et omnis ager continetur. The word land comprehends every building and every field.
Appellatione rei pars etiam continetur. In the designation of a “thing” (res), the part is also contained. Dig. 50.16.72.
Aqua cedit solo. The water goes with the ground. • A grant of the land includes the water on it.
Aquaeductus est ius aquam ducendi per fundum alienum. Aquaeductus is the right of conducting water through somebody else’s land. Dig. 8.3.1pr.
Arborum quae in fundo continentur non est separatum corpus a fundo. The trees that are contained on a farm estate (fundus) are not an object separate from the estate. Dig. 19.1.40. • In the example, a buyer has purchased the lumber but is barred from taking the trees while they still stand.
Benigne faciendae sunt interpretationes chartarum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et quaelibet concessio fortissime contra donatorem interpretanda est. Deeds should be subject to liberal interpretation, so that the matter may take effect rather than fail; and every grant is to be taken most strongly against the grantor.
Bonae fidei possessor in id tantum quod ad se pervenerit tenetur. A possessor in good faith is liable only for that which he himself has obtained (literally, what has come to him). 2 Co. Inst. 285.
Bona ex eo dicuntur quod beant — hoc est, beatos faciunt; beare est prodesse. “Goods” are so called because they gratify — that is, they make people happy; to make happy is to benefit. Dig. 50.16.49.
Bona fide possessor facit fructus consumptos suos. A possessor in good faith is entitled to the fruits (or produce) that he consumes.
Bona non intelligentur nisi deducto aere alieno. Assets will not be recognized unless debts have been deducted.
Catalla juste possessa amitti non possunt. Chattels rightly possessed cannot be lost.
Cessante statu primitivo, cessat derivativus. When the original estate comes to an end, the derivative estate is also at an end.
Cohaeredes sunt quasi unum corpus aut una persona censentur, propter unitatem juris quod habent. Coheirs are deemed as one body, or one person, on account of the unity of right that they possess.
Confirmatio est possessionis jure defectivo per eos quorum jus est ratihabitio. The confirmation of a possession defective in law is a ratification by means of those whose right it is.
Cum de lucro duorum quaeritur melior est causa possidentis. When there is a question of gain between two people, the cause of the possessor is the better.
Cum via publica fluminis impetu vel ruina amissa est, vicinus proximus viam praestare debet. When the public road is lost by the flooding of a stream or (other) disaster, the nearest neighbor should provide a roadway. Dig. 8.6.14.1.
Dans et retinens nihil dat. One who gives and yet retains (possession) does not give effectually (literally, gives nothing).
Differentia inter dominium et possessionem haec est: quod dominium nihilominus eius manet, qui dominus esse non vult; possessio autem recedit, ut quisque constituit nolle possidere. Here is the difference between ownership and possession: one’s ownership continues even when he does not wish to be owner; possession, however, ends when anybody has decided he does not wish to possess. Dig. 41.2.17.1.
Disseisinam satis facit qui uti non permittit possessorem, vel minus commode, licet omnino non expellat. A person commits disseisin if he does not permit the possessor to enjoy, or makes the possessor’s enjoyment less useful, even if the disseisor does not expel the possessor altogether. Co. Litt. 331.
Dominus habetur qui possidet donec probetur contrarium. The possessor is considered to be the owner until the contrary is proved.
Donatio perficitur possessione accipientis. A gift is rendered complete by the possession of the receiver.
Donator nunquam desinit possidere antequam donatarius incipiat possidere. A donor never ceases to have possession until the donee obtains possession.
Duo non possunt in solido unam rem possidere. Two cannot possess one thing each in entirety.
Duorum in solidum dominium vel possessio esse non potest. Ownership or possession in entirety cannot belong to two persons.
Est justus possessor et petitor qui liberalitatem accepit. One who receives a gift of generosity, even when having sought it, has the right to claim it. Dig. 6.2.7.3.
Exterus non habet terras. An alien holds no lands.
Feuda ad instar patrimoniorum sunt redacta. Lands held in feudal tenure are reduced to the character of a patrimony or succession.
Fructuarius causam proprietatis deteriorem facere non debet; meliorem facere potest. The one who holds usufruct should not make the condition of the property worse, but he can make it better. Dig. 7.1.13.4.
Fructus non modo percepti sed et qui percipi honeste potuerunt aestimandi sunt. The fruits (or gains) to be calculated are not only those realized but also those that could be reasonably realized. Dig. 6.1.33. • That is, if a property is mishandled through fraud or fault, the plaintiff can claim all that he might have otherwise gained.
Fructus pendentes pars fundi videntur. Hanging fruits are considered part of the parcel of land.
Fructus rei est vel pignori dare licere. The right to mortgage a thing is one of its fruits (or benefits). Dig. 22.1.49.
Fructus sine usu esse non potest. There can be no right to the fruits without a right to use them. Dig. 7.8.14.1.
Frumenta quae sata sunt solo cedere intelliguntur. Grain that has been sown is understood to belong to the soil.
Furtum est contrectatio rei alienae fraudulenta, cum animo furandi, invito illo domino cujus res illa fuerat. Theft is the fraudulent handling of another’s property, with an intention of stealing, against the will of the proprietor, whose property it had been.
Furtum non est ubi initium habet detentionis per dominium rei. There is not theft where the holder has a beginning of detention (began holding the object) through ownership of the thing.
Futuro quoque aedificio vel imponi vel acquiri servitus potest. A servitude can also be imposed on or acquired for a future building. Dig. 8.2.23.1.
Improba possessio firmum titulum possidendi praestare nullum potest. Taking over a property dishonestly can give no valid claim of possession. CJ 7.32.7.
In aequali jure melior est conditio possidentis. When the parties have equal rights, the condition of the possessor is the better.
Incertam partem possidere nemo potest. Nobody can possess an undefined part. Dig. 41.2.3.2.
In dubio melior est conditio possidentis. In a doubtful case, the side that has actual possession (is to be favored).
In omnibus rebus quae dominium transferunt, concurrat oportet affectus ex utraque parte contrahentium. In all cases that transfer ownership, the desire of both contracting parties must concur. Dig. 44.7.55.
In omnibus servitutibus refectio ad eum pertinet qui sibi servitutem adserit, non ad eum cuius res servit. In all servitudes, repairing is the job of the one who claims the servitude for his benefit, not of the one whose property is subject to the servitude. Dig. 8.5.6.2.
In pari causa possessor potior haberi debet. When two parties have equal claims, the possessor should be considered the stronger. • The phrase is also translated in this way: in an equal case the possessor ought to be preferred.
In pari causa potior est conditio possidentis. When two parties have equal claims, the position of the possessor is the stronger.
In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis. When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better.
In re communi potior (melior) est conditio prohibentis. In common property (matters of joint ownership) the partner who refuses has the stronger (or better) position.
In rem actio est per quam rem nostram quae ab alio possidetur petimus, et semper adversus eum est qui rem possidet. The action in rem is that by which we seek our property that is possessed by another, and is always against him who possesses the property. Dig. 44.7.25.
In re pari, potiorem causam esse prohibentis constat. Where joint owners have equal rights, it is agreed that the cause of him prohibiting (any proposed use) is the stronger. Dig. 10.3.28.
Insula in flumine nata non pro indiviso communis fit, sed regionibus quoque divisis. An island that emerges in the stream does not become common property but is divided between the shore properties. Dig. 41.1.29.
In suo hactenus facere licet quatenus nihil in alienum immittit. One may do what he likes on his own property, so long as he does not invade (or send anything into) another’s property.
Interruptio multiplex non tollit praescriptionem semel obtentam. Repeated interruptions do not remove a prescription (or acquisition by long use) once it has been obtained.
In usucapionibus mobilium continuum tempus numeratur. In usucaptions of movables, uninterrupted time (of possession) is counted. Dig. 41.3.31.1.
Jus descendit, et non terra. A right descends, and not the land.
Jus triplex est: proprietatis, possessionis, et possibilitatis. Right is threefold: of property, of possession, and of possibility.
Locatio sine mercede certa contrahi non potest. A lease cannot be contracted without a settled price. Dig. 24.1.52pr.
Longa possessio est pacis jus. Long possession is a right of peace.
Longa possessio jus parit. Long possession begets a right.
Longa possessio parit jus possidendi et tollit actionem vero domino. Long possession produces the right of possession and deprives the true owner of his action.
Longi temporis consuetudo vicem servitutis obtinet. A custom lasting for a long time takes on the status of a servitude. CJ 3.34.1.
Mala fides superveniens non nocet. La mala fede sopravvenuta non nuoce. The bad faith (of a prior possessor) that comes as a surprise (to the good-faith possessor) does him no harm. Cf. Dig. 41.1.48; 41.10.4.
Melior est causa possidentis. The cause of the possessor is preferable.
Melior est conditio possidentis et rei quam actoris. Better is the condition of the possessor, and that of the defendant (is better) than that of the plaintiff.
Melior est conditio possidentis, ubi neuter jus habet. Better is the condition of the possessor where neither of the two has the right.
Modum adici servitutibus posse constat. It is agreed that a limit can be placed on servitudes. Dig. 8.1.4.1.
Naturaliter videtur possidere is qui usumfructum habet. He who has a usufruct appears to have possession by nature (not by law). Dig. 41.2.12.pr.
Nemo alienae rei expromissor idoneus videtur nisi cum satisdatione. Nobody is considered a suitable guarantor (or expromissor) of another’s property except by depositing a security. Dig. 50.17.110.1.
Nemo cogitur rem suam vendere, etiam justo pretio. No one is bound to sell his property, even for a just price.
Nemo dat qui non habet. No one gives who does not possess.
Nemo dat quod non habet. No one gives what he does not have; no one transfers (a right) that he does not possess. • According to this maxim, no one gives a better title to property than he himself possesses. A variation of this maxim is Nemo dat qui non habet (no one gives who does not have).
Nemo debet rem suam sine factu aut defectu suo amittere. No one should lose his property without his own act or negligence.
Nemo ejusdem tenementi simul potest esse haeres et dominus. No one can be both heir and owner of the same land at the same time.
Nemo enim invitus compellitur ad communionem. For no one is ever forced into joint ownership against his will. Dig. 12.6.26.4; 2 Bl. Com. 185.
Nemo ex alterius facto praegravari debet. No one should be burdened by the act of another.
Nemo in communione potest invitus detineri. No one can be held (to act) in common against his will; no one can be forced to remain in common ownership against his will. • This maxim states the premise that a coowner can always insist on the division of the property owned.
Nemo mori potest pro parte testatus pro parte intestatus. No one can die partly testate and partly intestate (under Roman law).
Nemo potest esse tenens et dominus. No one can be at the same time tenant and landlord (of the same tenement).
Nemo potest pro derelicto usucapere qui falso exstimaverit rem pro derelicto habitam esse. Nobody can acquire something as abandoned property (by usucaption) if he wrongly supposed it abandoned. Dig. 41.7.6.
Nemo prohibetur rem quam conduxit fruendam alii locare si nihil aliud convenit. Nobody is prohibited from leasing to another (or subletting) the asset he has leased if there is nothing in the agreement to the contrary. CJ 4.65.6.
Nihil commune habet proprietas cum possessione. Ownership has nothing in common with possession. Dig. 41.2.12.1.
Nihil tam conveniens est naturali aequitati quam voluntatem domini volentis rem suam in alium transferre ratam haberi. Nothing is more consistent with natural equity than to confirm the will of an owner who desires to transfer his property to another.
Non possessori incumbit necessitas probandi possessiones ad se pertinere. It is not incumbent on the possessor of property to prove that his possessions belong to him.
Non solet locatio dominium mutare. A lease does not change ownership. Dig. 19.2.39.
Non utendo amittitur ususfructus. Usufruct is lost by not using it.
Nul charter, nul vente, ne nul done vault perpetualment, si le donor n’est seise al temps de contracts de deux droits, sc. del droit de possession et del droit de properite. No grant, no sale, no gift, is valid forever unless the donor, at the time of the contract, is seised of two rights, namely, the right of possession and the right of property.
Nulla sasina, nulla terra. No fee (or seisin), no land.
Numquam superficies sine solo capi longo tempore potest. The surface (structures) can never be acquired by usucaption without (also acquiring) the land. Dig. 41.3.26.
Occupantis fiunt derelicta. Things abandoned become the property of the (first) occupant.
Omnis fructus non iure seminis sed iure soli percipitur. Every fruit (or profit) is realized not by right of the seed but right of the soil. Dig. 22.1.25pr. • In the example, a joint farming venture shares the harvest even if only one of the partners did the planting.
Omnis qui se offert petitioni quasi possidens tenetur. Anybody who makes a defense against a claim is held (liable) as the possessor. Dig. 5.3.13.13 (as when one fraudulently claims an inheritance and opposes competing claims).
Oportet quod certae personae, certae terrae, et certi status comprehendantur in declaratione usuum. It is right that certain persons, certain lands, and certain estates should be comprehended in a declaration of uses. 9 Coke 9.
Opus novum facere videtur qui aut aedificando aut detrahendo aliquid pristinam faciem operis mutat. One who changes the original aspect of a structure, either by building or removing something, is considered to be doing new work. Dig. 39.1.1.11.
Pactum de assedatione facienda et ipsa assedatione aequiparantur, praecipue si possessio sequatur. An agreement to grant a lease is equivalent to the lease itself, especially if possession follows.
Paries oneri ferundo uti nunc est ita sit. A party wall is to remain (for both tenements) intact in its present condition.
Patronum faciunt dos, aedificatio, fundus. Endowment, building, and land make a patron.
Pignori rem acceptam usu non capimus, quia pro alieno possidemus. We do not acquire by usucaption an object received as a pledge, because we possess it on behalf of another. Dig. 41.3.13pr.
Pirata non mutat dominium. A pirate (i.e., piracy) does not change ownership.
Possessio contra omnes valet praeter eum cui jus sit possessionis. Possession is valid against all save him who has the right of possession.
Possessio defuncti quasi iniuncta descendit ad heredem. Possession by a decedent passes to the heir as though joined (to the inheritance). Dig. 4.6.30pr.
Possessio est quasi pedis positio. Possession is, as it were, the position of the foot.
Possessio fratris de feodo simplici facit sororem esse haeredem. Possession by the brother in fee simple makes the sister an heir.
Possessio non est iuris, sed facti. Possession is not a matter of law but of fact.
Possessio non tantum corporis sed et iuris est. Possession is not simply a matter of objective fact but also one of right. Dig. 41.2.49.1.
Possessio pacifica facit jus. Peaceable possession gives a right (after a legally prescribed period, by adverse possession).
Possessio pacifica per annos 60 facit jus. Peaceable possession for 60 years gives a right.
Possessio plurimum facti habet. Possession for the most part consists in the fact (of possession). Dig. 4.6.19.
Possessio terminum tenentis possessio reversionarii est habenda. Possession by the tenant of the estate (or fund) is to be reckoned the possession of the reversioner.
Possessio testatoris ita heredi procedit si medio tempore a nullo possessa est. A testator’s possession goes to the heir if it has been possessed by nobody in the meantime. Dig. 41.3.20.
Possessores sunt potiores, licet nullum ius habeant. Possessors are in the stronger position, even if they have no right (to the property). Dig. 7.6.5 pr.
Possidet, cuius nomine possidetur. The possessor is the one in whose name the thing is held. Dig. 41.2.18pr.
Potior est conditio possidentis. Stronger is the condition of the possessor.
Praedium generale nomen est: nam et ager et possessio huius appellationis species sunt. An estate (praedium) is the general name, as both “field” and “possession” are specifics within this description. Dig. 50.16.115.
Prior possessio cum titulo posteriore melior est priore titulo sine possessione. Prior possession, with subsequent title, is better than prior title without possession.
Privatio praesupponit habitum. Deprivation presupposes possession.
Pro herede ex vivi bonis nihil usucapi potest. Nothing can be taken in usucaption from the goods of a living person on behalf of an heir. Dig. 41.5.1 (continuing with “even if the possessor supposed it was property of one deceased).
Pro possessione praesumitur de jure. From possession arises a presumption of right.
Pro possessore habetur qui dolo injuriave desiit possidere. A person is considered a possessor who has ceased possession through fraud or injury.
Prospicere debet conductor ne in aliquo vel ius rei vel corpus deterius faciat vel fieri patiatur. The lessee should take care not to make the legal value less or physical condition worse, or allow it to become so. Dig. 19.2.11.2.
Qui alienas res negligenter perdit aut vi vel dolo malo aufert, suas amittito. Whoever negligently ruins another man’s property, or takes it away by force or fraud, let him lose his own (of equal value).
Qui auctore iudice comparavit bonae fidei possessor est. Somebody who has bought something with a judge’s approval is a possessor in good faith. Dig. 50.17.137 (cf. Dig. 11.7.14.1).
Qui dolo possessit pro possidente, (ei) pro possessione dolus est. One who has taken possession by fraud, in place of the possessor, has fraud in place of possession.
Qui in jus dominiumve alterius succedit jure ejus uti debet. One who succeeds to another’s right or property ought to use that person’s right. • That is, the successor has the same rights and liabilities as attached to that property or interest in the hands of the assignor.
Qui intellegit alienum se possidere, mala fide possidet. Somebody who understands that he possesses something that belongs to another possesses it in bad faith. Dig. 41.3.38. • That is, one would be acting in bad faith if usucapting a property though knowing the rightful owner.
Qui sentit commodum, sentire debet et onus. A person who enjoys the benefit ought also to bear the burden.
Qui sentit commodum sentire debet et onus; et e contra. A person who enjoys the benefit ought also to bear the burden; and the contrary.
Qui sentit onus, sentire debet et commodum. A person who feels the burden ought also to feel the benefit.
Quod aedificatur in area legata cedit legato. Whatever is built on land given by will passes with the gift of the land.
Quod divini iuris est id nullius in bonis est. What is subject to divine right is property of nobody. Dig. 1.8.1.pr.
Quod evincitur, in bonis non est. What one has lost through eviction is not one’s property. Dig. 50.17.190.
Quod ex naufragio expulsum est usucapi non potest, quoniam non est in derelicto sed in deperdito. The debris from a shipwreck cannot be acquired by usucaption because it is a matter of loss, not abandonment. Dig. 41.2.21.1.
Quodlibet praedium praesumitur esse a servitute liberum, usque dum probetur contrarium. Any farm is presumed to be free of servitude until the contrary is proved.
Quod nullius esse potest, id ut alicujus fieret nulla obligatio valet efficere. What can belong to no one no agreement (or obligation) can make property of anyone. Dig. 50.17.182.
Quod per alluvionem agro nostro flumen adiicit id iure gentium nobis acquiritur. What a river adds to our farmland through alluvial accretion (or alluvion) is acquired by us according to the law of nations. Just. Inst. 2.1.20; cf. Gaius Inst. 2.70.
Quum de lucro duorum quaeratur, melior est conditio possidentis. When there is a question of gain (to one) of two parties, the condition of the possessor is the better.
Quum fundus fundo servit, vendito quoque fundo, servitutes sequuntur. When an estate is servient to another estate, and one estate or the other is sold, the servitudes continue. Dig. 8.4.12.
Ratio non permittit ut alterius arbor intelligatur quam cuius fundo radices egisset. Reason does not allow us to suppose that a tree belongs to anybody other than the owner of the farm where it has put forth roots. Dig. 41.1.7.13. • The context explains that a tree on the boundary with roots in both properties belongs to both neighbors, even if one of them has cultivated it so as to draw the roots to him.
Refectionis gratia accedendi ad ea loca quae non serviant facultas tributa est his quibus servitus debetur. For the sake of repairs, those to whom a servitude is owed are granted access (even) to areas not subject to servitude. Dig. 8.4.11pr.
Regulariter non valet pactum de re mea non alienanda. As a rule, a contract not to alienate my property is not binding.
Rei depositae proprietas apud deponentem manet, sed et possessio. The depositor retains ownership of a thing deposited, but also possession. Dig. 16.17.1.
Rei propriae emptio non potest consistere. There can be no purchase of one’s own property. Cf. Dig. 50.17.45pr.
Res nullius naturaliter fit primi occupantis. A thing that has no owner naturally belongs to the first taker.
Res quae intra praesidia perductae nondum sunt quanquam ab hostibus occupatae, ideo postliminii non egent, quia dominum nondum mutarunt ex gentium jure. Things that have not yet been brought within the enemy’s camp, although held by the enemy, do not need the fiction of postliminy on this account, because their ownership by the law of nations has not yet changed.
Res transit cum suo onere. The thing passes with its burden.
Reversio terrae est tanquam terra revertens in possessione donatori sive haeredibus suis post donum finitum. A reversion of land is as it were the return of the land to the possession of the donor or his heirs after the termination of the gift.
Servitus civiliter exercenda est. A servitude must be exercised in a civil manner (not to trouble others unduly). Cf. Dig. 8.1.9; 8.5.6.
Servitus in faciendo consistere nequit. A servitude cannot oblige one to act. • For example, an easement does not oblige the property owner to maintain the road across his property.
Servitutum non ea natura est ut aliquid faciat quis, sed ut aliquid patiatur aut non faciat. It is not in the nature of servitudes that one should (have to) do something, but that he should permit it or not act (to the contrary). Dig. 8.1.15.1 (with the example that one need not remove trees that obstruct a view).
Sic enim debere quem meliorem agrum suum facere, ne vicini deteriorem faciat. Everyone ought so to improve his land as not to injure his neighbor’s.
Si post moram res interierit, aestimatio eius praestatur. If something goes to ruin after a delay, the agreed value is to be paid. Dig. 30.39.1 (referring to “brokerage”).
Si res pro derelicto habita sit, statim nostra esse desinit et occupantis statim fit. If a thing is abandoned, it immediately ceases to be ours and becomes at once the property of the first taker. Dig. 41.7.1.
Sola domus possessio quae in aliena civitate comparatur domicilium non facit. The mere possession of a house that is bought in another city does not make it a domicile. Dig. 50.1.17.13.
Solo cedere solent ea quae inaedificantur aut inseruntur. Those things that are built upon the land or are sown in it customarily go with the land. Just. Inst. 2.1.33.
Solo cedit quod solo implantatur. What is planted in the soil belongs to the soil. • This maxim is sometimes written Solo cedit, quicquid solo plantatur (translatable as “what is affixed to the soil belongs to the soil”).
Solo cedit quod solo inaedificatur. Whatever is built on the soil belongs to the soil.
Spoliatus debet ante omnia restitui. A party forcibly deprived of possession ought first of all to have restitution.
Sua cuique domus arx esto. Let every man’s house be his castle.
Superficies ad dominum soli pertinet. What is built upon the land belongs to the owner of the land. Dig. 9.2.50.
Superficies solo cedit. The surface goes with the land. • That is, whatever is attached to the land forms part of it.
Tantum praescriptum quantum possessum. There is only prescription insofar as there has been possession.
Tenens domino fidem praestare debita servitia tenetur, et dominus invicem tenenti protectionem et jura sua omnia. A tenant is bound to show good faith and render services owed to his landlord, and the landlord, in turn, to protect the tenant in all his rights.
Tenens nil facere potest, propter obligationem homagii, quod vertatur domino ad exhaeredationem. A tenant, by force of the obligation of homage by which he takes title, can do nothing that tends to disinherit his landlord. Co. Litt. 65.
Terra manens vacua occupanti conceditur. Land lying unoccupied is given to the occupant.
Terra sterilis, ex vi termini, est terra infoecunda, nullum ferens fructum. Sterile land is by force of the term barren, bearing no fruit.
Terra transit cum onere. Land passes with the incumbrances.
Titulus est justa causa possidendi id quod nostrum est. Title is the just cause of possessing that which is ours.
Traditio est de manu in manum datio. Delivery of possession is the giving from hand to hand.
Traditionibus et usucapionibus, non nudis pactis, transferuntur rerum dominia. Rights of property are transferred by delivery and by prescription (founded on lengthy possession), not by naked agreements.
Traditio nihil amplius transferre debet vel potest ad eum qui accipit quam est apud eum qui tradit. Delivery neither can nor should transfer anything more to the recipient than is in possession of the one who delivers.
Transferuntur dominia sine titulo et traditione, per usucaptionem, scil., per longam continuam et pacificam possessionem. Rights of dominion are transferred without title or delivery, by usucaption, to wit, long and undisturbed possession. Co. Litt. 113b.
Transit terra cum onere. The land passes with its burdens.
Unaquaeque gleba servit. Every lump of earth (on the land) is subject to the servitude.
Usucapio est adiectio dominii per continuationem possessionis temporis lege definiti. Usucaption is taking ownership by continued possession over a period of time defined by law. Dig. 41.3.3. • See usucapio in the main dictionary.
Usus est dominium fiduciarium. Use is a fiduciary ownership.
Usus est pro possessione. Use counts as possession. Cf. Dig. 8.1.20.
Unus ex dominis communium aedium servitutem imponere non potest. One (alone) of several owners of a shared structure cannot impose a servitude upon it. Dig. 8.1.2.
Usus fit ex iteratis actibus. Usage arises from repeated acts.
Ususfructus est ius rebus alienis utendi et fruendi salva rerum substantia. Usufruct is the right to make use and reap the fruits of others’ property, with its substance preserved. Dig. 7.1.1; Just. Inst. 2.4.pr.
Uti possidetis, ita possideatis. As you possess, so you should possess.
Uti via publica nemo recte prohibetur. Nobody is rightly prohibited from using a public way. CJ 3. 34.11.
Valet nunquam confirmatio nisi ille qui confirmat sit in possessione rei vel juris unde fieri debet confirmatio; et eodem modo nisi ille cui confirmatio fit, sit in possessione. Confirmation is not valid unless he who confirms is either in possession of the thing itself or of the right of which confirmation is to be made, and, in like manner, unless he to whom confirmation is made is in possession. Co. Litt. 295.