-
$250.00📘 Action on Account — Common Law and Statutory Principles of Open Accounts
🧭 Course Overview
This class explores the common law and statutory framework of the action on account, an essential commercial remedy for recovery of sums due from mutual or successive transactions between parties. This Class examines open accounts, book accounts, and related procedural forms as they appear in modern civil practice.
Participants study how open accounts differ from contracts, how pleadings and proofs are structured, and how courts determine liability, burden of proof, and defenses under both common law and statutory regimes.
🎓 Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
- Define “action on account” and distinguish between open accounts, book accounts, and accounts stated within the broader framework of contract law.
- Identify statutory and procedural requirements governing declarations, petitions, and proofs, including the attachment of itemized statements or invoices to pleadings .
- Explain evidentiary standards and burdens of proof, including how plaintiffs establish correctness, reasonableness of charges, and performance, and how defendants assert credits or affirmative defenses .
- Analyze common defenses and counterclaims, such as payment, setoff, and lack of consideration, and evaluate how courts assess these at trial .
- Apply rules governing variance, pleading, and admissibility of evidence to determine when a case can proceed on an open account versus an account stated .
- Interpret judicial reasoning in cases involving directed verdicts, jury questions, and statutory time limitations under modern procedural codes .
🧩 Topics Covered
- Definition and scope of open and book accounts
- Pleading requirements and itemized statements
- Burden and mode of proof
- Admissibility and sufficiency of evidence
- Defenses and counterclaims
- Trial, verdict, and judgment in account actions
- Statutory nature of book debt remedies
📚 Format & Materials
- Delivery: Lecture and case analysis with guided readings from statutory and common-law authorities
- Duration: 8 Classes | Self-paced study
-
$125.00⚖️ Action of Debt — Common Law Remedies for Fixed Obligations
Course Type: Legal Foundations
🧭 Course Overview
This class provides a structured study of the common-law action of debt—a foundational legal remedy for recovering sums certain or obligations readily reducible to certainty. Students examine the action’s procedural elements, pleading rules, defenses, and enduring relevance in modern commercial and statutory claims.
The course situates “debt” as both a legal concept and procedural form, showing how historical remedies inform today’s enforcement of monetary obligations, statutory penalties, and judgments.
🎓 Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, participants will be able to:
- Define and distinguish “debt” within its common-law meaning and differentiate it from unliquidated claims or damages.
- Identify the essential elements of an action of debt, including the requirement of a sum certain and the obligation’s enforceability in money.
- Analyze pleadings and defenses—such as nil debet, non est factum, and nul tiel record—and apply them to case examples.
- Trace procedural evolution from medieval common law to modern civil practice under state codes and procedural acts.
- Evaluate judgment and recovery mechanisms, including damages for detention, interest awards, and statutory debt enforcement.
- Compare debt and assumpsit actions to understand concurrent remedies and the shift from form to substance in contract litigation.
🧩 Topics Covered
- Definition and nature of “debt”
- Scope and concurrent actions
- Elements and certainty of sum
- Pleadings and declarations
- Common defenses and pleas
- Proof, trial, and judgment standards
- Amount recoverable and award of interest
📚 Format
- Delivery: Lecture-based with discussion on case law excerpts and procedural forms
- Duration: 10 small classes | Self-paced study
-
$500.00💳 Law of Payments — Legal Discharge and Settlement under Commercial Law
🧭 Course Overview
This class examines the law of payment — the doctrines, statutory rules, and equitable principles governing the satisfaction, discharge, and extinguishment of obligations. Rooted in common-law concepts of tender and performance, the law of payment defines how debt and liability are lawfully settled in both commercial and personal contexts.
This course analyzes the evolution of payment from tangible tender to negotiable instruments and digital transfers, exploring the elements that constitute valid payment, the roles of payor and payee, and the legal consequences of acceptance, mistake, or refusal.
🎓 Learning Outcomes
Upon completing this course, participants will be able to:
- Define “payment” in law and distinguish it from tender, accord and satisfaction, and performance.
- Identify the essential elements of lawful payment, including voluntary intent, lawful currency or medium, and acceptance by the creditor.
- Apply common-law and statutory rules that determine when a debt is extinguished or merely suspended.
- Analyze payment through instruments — such as checks, promissory notes, and electronic transfers — under UCC Articles 3 and 4.
- Evaluate the rights and duties of parties, including payment by third persons, payment under mistake, and recovery of overpayment.
- Interpret judicial reasoning on disputes involving partial payment, conditional payment, and discharge through non-cash equivalents.
🧩 Topics Covered
- Definition and nature of payment
- Relation between payment, tender, and discharge
- Payment by money, negotiable instruments, and credit instruments
- Payment under mistake or duress
- Allocation of payments and order of application
- Presumption and burden of proof
- Effect of payment on joint obligations and suretyship
📚 Format & Materials
- Delivery: Lecture-based with applied statutory analysis and case study exercises
- Duration: 27 Class | Self-paced study
-
$250.00💰 Law of Tender — Legal Discharge and Performance of Monetary Obligations
🧭 Course Overview
This class examines the law of tender — the doctrine governing lawful offer, performance, and discharge of monetary and contractual obligations. Rooted in both common law and statutory interpretation, tender represents more than payment; it is the formal act by which a debtor fulfills or extinguishes a duty.
This course explores what constitutes valid tender, who may tender, when and how tender must be made, and the legal consequences of refusal. Students will also study how tender intersects with commercial paper, negotiable instruments, debt enforcement, and equitable relief under state and federal law.
🎓 Learning Outcomes
Upon completion, students will be able to:
- Define the concept of “tender” and explain its function in discharging debts and obligations .
- Distinguish tender of payment from tender of performance, including lawful conditions and timing under common law and the UCC.
- Identify legal requirements for valid tender — including who may tender, the form and sufficiency of tender, and the effect of tender refused.
- Analyze the consequences of defective or conditional tender, and when a creditor’s refusal constitutes waiver or discharge of the obligation.
- Apply doctrines of tender to modern contexts such as bills of exchange, cashier’s checks, and digital payments, understanding when tender extinguishes legal liability.
- Evaluate equitable and procedural remedies, including how tender relates to injunctions, specific performance, and declaratory relief.
🧩 Topics Covered
- Definition and purpose of tender
- Who may tender and to whom tender may be made
- Time, place, and form of tender
- Legal effect of acceptance or refusal
- Tender of negotiable instruments and certified funds
- Conditional, anticipatory, and post-judgment tender
- Discharge and revival of obligations
📚 Format & Materials
- Instructor Commentary: Basilikos Nomos Institute Study Notes on Performance and Discharge
- Delivery: Lecture with guided case study and statute review
- Duration: 16 Classes | Self-paced
End of content
End of content
