1. Bona pupillaria non licet tutoribus in proprios usus convertere. Guardians may not turn the goods of wards to their own uses.
  2. Consilio et opera curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium sed et corpus ac salus furiosi. A guardian should exercise due care and diligence to protect not only the property but also the health and well-being of the mentally incapacitated ward. Dig. 27.10.7pr.
  3. Custos corporis cujusque infantis haereditas nequeat pervenire. Let each child have a guardian to whom the inheritance cannot devolve.
  4. Custos statum haeredis in custodia existentis meliorem, non deteriorem, facere potest. A guardian can make the estate of an heir living under his guardianship better, not worse. 
  5. Dolus tutoris vel curatoris nocere (neque prodesse) pupillo vel furioso non debet. Deception on the part of a guardian or a trustee should not harm (or benefit) the ward, whether underage or mentally incapacitated. Dig. 14.4.3.1.
  6. Dominus non maritabit pupillum nisi semel. A lord cannot give a ward in marriage but once.
  7. Haeredipetae suo propinquo vel extraneo, periculoso sane custodi, nullus committatur. Let no ward be entrusted to the next heir in succession, whether his own relation or a stranger, as the next heir is surely a dangerous guardian. Co. Litt. 88b.
  8. Judicium infantis suppletur auctoritate tutoris. The judgment of an infant is made good by the authority of his guardian. Dig. 41.2.32.2.
  9. Lucrum facere ex pupilli tutela tutor non debet. A guardian ought not to make money out of the guardianship of his ward.
  10. Minor minorem custodire non debet; alios enim praesumitur male regere qui seipsum regere nescit. A minor ought not be guardian of a minor, for he is presumed to govern others ill who does not know how to govern himself.
  11. Non semper ea quae cum minoribus geruntur rescindenda sed ad bonum et aequum redigenda sunt. Transactions made with minors are not always to be rescinded, but they must be rendered good and fair. Dig. 4.4.24.1.
  12. Officio tutoris incumbit, rationes actus sui conficere et pupillo reddere. It is incumbent on the office of the guardian to keep account of his actions and submit them to the ward. Dig. 27.3.1.3.
  13. Pupillus omnia, tutore auctore, agere potest. A ward can transact everything with his guardian’s authority. Dig. 50.17.5.
  14. Pupillus sine tutoris auctoritate non obligatur iure civili. A ward is not bound in civil law without his tutor’s authority. Dig. 44.7.33.
  15. Quo tutela redit eo haereditas pervenit, nisi cum foeminae haeredes intercedunt. An inheritance comes in the way in which guardianship goes, unless female heirs intervene.
  16. Respondeat raptor, qui ignorare non potuit quod pupillum alienum abduxit. Let the ravisher answer, for he could not be ignorant that he has taken away another’s ward.
  17. Si quis custos fraudem pupillo fecerit, a tutela removendus est. If a guardian commits fraud against his ward, he is to be removed from the guardianship.
  18. Testamenti factio concessa pupillis non est. The making of a will is not allowed to wards. Dig. 27.3.1.1.
  19. Tutela est vis ac potestas in capite libero ad tuendum eum qui propter aetatem suam sponte se defendere nequit. Guardianship (or tutelage) is the power and authority over a free person, to protect one who, because of his age, cannot defend himself by his own initiative. Dig. 26.1.1pr.
  20. Tutor ad utilitatem pupilli et novare et rem in iudicium deducere potest. A guardian can both renew (a debt) and bring a case to judgment for the benefit of his pupil. Dig. 26.7.22.
  21. Tutor incertus dari non potest. An uncertain person cannot be given or appointed as tutor.
  22. Tutor in rem suam auctor fieri non potest. A tutor cannot act for his own interest.
  23. Tutoris officium ex sola voluntate pupilli non finiri certissimum est. It is most certain that the duty of a guardian is not limited by the will of his ward alone. CJ 5.60.2.
  24. Tutoris praecipuum officium est ne indefensum pupillum relinquat. The preeminent duty of a guardian is not to leave a ward defenseless. Dig. 26.7.30.
  25. Tutor non rebus dumtaxat sed et moribus pupilli praeponitur. A guardian is placed not merely over a ward’s affairs but even over his character. Dig. 26.7.12.3.
  26. Tutor personae, non rei vel causae, datur. A guardian is given to a person, not to a thing or a cause. Just. Inst. 1.14.2; Dig. 26.2.14.
  27. Tutor praesumitur intus habere, ante redditas rationes. A tutor is presumed to have funds in his own hands until his accounts have been rendered.
  28. Tutor rem pupilli emere non potest. A tutor cannot purchase the property of his ward.

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